Lack of clean water is a very serious problem. Many people have no adequate access to clean water, and even suffer from the poor health due to the lack of basic sanitation. Actually, the total amount of water is in abundance in the world. However, some of the water cannot be used directly like the salty water and the water in forms of ice and snow. Furthermore, the water available to use is distributed improperly in the whole world and some are polluted both by human and naturally. Besides, many groundwater aquifers are used too fast to replenish because of the inefficient ways of using. While, water is so important that we use it in many areas with the agriculture and industry as a major. It becomes one of the greatest challenges to overcoming the crisis in water and sanitation for engineers who have historically provided methods to meet water supply and quality needs. To meet current needs, the methods will have to be more sophisticated. One large-scale approach used in many countries is to divert water from some regions to others; whereas it is an explosive political issue since it reduces water for some people as it is diverted to others. Another solution is about desalination, which is to extract the salt from seawater, and has already been used. It is effective but expensive and mainly suitable for seaside cities. It is considered that new technologies may help lower the cost like nano-osmosis. Nevertheless, it is still not enough to solve the problem. Then, engineers are providing more methods to solve the water problem. Technologies like recycling of wastewater and sewage treatment are being developed. Different technical approaches are also available through strategies of reducing water use, such as improved technologies with higher efficiency and small decentralized distillation units. In addition, technical solutions must be developed within a system where the inequities for poor people who have to seek out water supplies at higher costs are recognized and addressed.
Reference:
Provide access to clean water, Grand Challenges for Engineering , National Academy of Engineering, 500 Fifth Street, NW | Washington, DC 20001 | T. 202.334.3200 | F. 202.334.2290
Retrieved on Sep 29, 2008.
From http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9142.aspx
4 comments:
Nice job summing up such a long article especially with a lot of it in your own words. It is well summarized with most of the key points in the article, if not all. Your grammar still needs to be worked on though. However, I can tell that you have improved quite a bit in that area since the first tast. Keep it up!
A good summary for the article. The contents have been stated and explained clearly. However, there are some grammar mistakes in between. Connectors are used to link from one sentence to another, which is a good way to make the whole passage to run smoothly.
Well done, keep it on.
Hi Cathy. It is great that you could sum up such a long article into an informative summary. I like the way you organize the points such that the summary is easy to understand. However, I think the introduction of the summary is too long and information in the body is too short. Perhaps you could make the introduction shorter and elaborate more on the main points: desalination and other technologies involved. Overall, it is clear and well organised.
The background info is a bit imbalanced compared to the later parts. Yet, as the previous three ppl said it is really a good job to sum up such a long article. I think some of the connectors are not really necessary. You may take that into consideration.
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